Profile of Serial Killer Tommy Lynn Sells

Tommy Lynn Sells was a serial killer who claimed responsibility for over 70 murders across the U.S., earning him the nickname Coast to Coast Killer. Sells  pleaded guilty to just two murders, but that  was enough to land him on Texas death row. He was executed in 2014. Tip of the Iceberg On Dec. 31, 1999, 10-year-old Krystal Surles was staying at the house of a friend, Kaylene Katy Harris, 13, when a man entered the bedroom where the girls were sleeping. The man grabbed Katy and slashed her throat, killing her. He then slashed Krystals throat and she dropped to the floor, pretending to be dead. She stayed still until she could escape and get help from a neighbor, thinking everyone in the house had been killed. Krystal provided enough detail for a forensic artist to create a sketch  that eventually led to the arrest of Tommy Lynn Sells. It turned out Sells knew Terry Harris, Katys adoptive father. She was his intended victim that night. Sells was arrested days later, on January 2, 2000, at the trailer where he lived with his wife and her four children. He did not resist or even ask why he was being arrested. Sells later confessed to killing Katy and attacking Krystal, but that was the tip of the iceberg. During the following months, Sells admitted to killing multiple men, women, and children in several states across the country. Childhood Years Sells and his twin sister, Tammy Jean, were born in Oakland, California, on June 28, 1964. His mother, Nina Sells, was a single mother with three other children when the twins were born. The family moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and at 18 months old, both twins contracted spinal meningitis, which killed Tammy Jean. Tommy survived. Soon after his recuperation, Sells was sent to live with his aunt, Bonnie Walpole, in Holcomb, Missouri. He stayed there until age 5, when he returned to live with his mother after she discovered that Walpole was interested in adopting him.   Throughout his early childhood years, Sells was left  mostly to fend for himself. He rarely attended school and by age 7 was drinking alcohol. Childhood Trauma Around this time, Sells  began hanging around with a man from a nearby town. The man showed him a lot of  attention in the form of gifts and frequent outings. On several occasions, Sells spent the night at the mans home. Later, this man was found guilty of child molestation,  which came as no surprise to Sells, who had been one of his victims since he was 8. From ages 10 to 13, Sells showed a knack for staying in trouble. By 10, he had stopped attending school, preferring to smoke pot and drink alcohol. When he was 13,  he climbed naked into his grandmothers bed. This was the last straw for Tommys mother. Within days, she took his siblings and left Tommy alone, leaving not so much as a forwarding address. Carnage Begins Filled with rage after his abandonment, the teenage Sells attacked his first female victim by pistol-whipping her until she was unconscious. With no home and no family, Sells began drifting from town to town, picking up odd jobs and stealing what he needed. Sells later claimed he committed his first murder at age 16, after breaking into a home and killing a man inside who was  performing oral sex on a young boy. There was never any proof to back up his claim. Sells also claimed to have shot and killed a man named John Cade Sr. in July 1979, after Cade caught him burglarizing his home. Bad Reunion In May 1981, Sells went to Little Rock, Arkansas, and moved back in with his family. The reunion was short-lived. Nina Sells told him to leave after he  attempted to have sex  with her while she was taking a shower. Back on the streets, Sells returned to what he knew best: robbing, killing, working as a carnival roustabout, and hopping trains between cities. He later confessed to killing two people in Arkansas before heading to St. Louis in 1983. Only one of the murders, that of Hal Akins, was confirmed. Transient Serial Killing In May 1984 Sills was convicted of car theft and given a two-year prison sentence. He  was released  the following February but failed to follow the terms of his  probation. While in Missouri, Sells started working at a county fair in Forsyth, where he met Ena Cordt, 35, and her son. Sells later admitted to killing them. According to Sells,  Cordt  invited him back to her house, but when he caught her  going through his knapsack, he beat her to death with a baseball bat. He then did the same to the only witness of the crime, 4-year-old Rory. Their bodies were found three days later. By September 1984, Sells was back in jail for drunk driving after crashing his car. He stayed in jail until May 16, 1986. Back in St. Louis, Sells claimed  he shot a stranger in self-defense. He then headed to Aransas Pass, Texas, where he was hospitalized for an  overdose of heroin. Once out of the hospital, he stole a car and headed to Fremont, California. While in Freemont, investigators believe he was responsible for the death of Jennifer Duey, 20, who was shot. They also believe he murdered Michelle Xavier, 19, who was found with her throat cut. In October 1987, Sells was living in Winnemucca, Nevada, with 20-year-old Stefanie Stroh. Sells confessed to drugging Stroh with LSD, then strangling her and disposing of her body by weighing her feet with concrete and putting her into a hot spring in the desert. This crime was never confirmed. Sells said he left Winnemucca on November 3 and headed east. In October 1987, he  confessed to murdering Suzanne Korcz, 27, in Amherst, New York. Helping Hand Keith Dardeen was the next known victim who tried to befriend Sells. He spotted Sells hitchhiking in Ina, Illinois, and offered him a hot meal at his home. In return, Sells shot  Dardeen,  then mutilated his penis. Next, he murdered  Dardeens  3-year-old son, Pete, by bludgeoning him with a hammer, then turned his rage on  Dardeens  pregnant wife, Elaine, whom he attempted to rape. The attack caused Elaine to go into labor, and she gave birth to her daughter. Neither mother nor daughter survived. Sells beat both of them to death with a bat. He then inserted the bat into Elaines vagina, tucked the children and the mother into bed, and left. The  crime went unsolved  for 12 years until Sells confessed. Julie Rae Harper In 2002, crime writer Diane Fanning began corresponding with Sells as he awaited execution in Texas. In one of his letters to Fanning, Sells confessed to the murder of 10-year-old Joel Kirkpatrick. Joels mother, Julie Rae Harper, had been found guilty of his murder and was in prison. Sells told Fanning in a later interview that Harper had been rude to him at a convenience store, so to get back at her he followed her home and murdered the boy. The confession,  along with Fannings testimony at a prison review board and help from the Innocence Project, resulted in a new trial for Harper that ended in acquittal. Coast to Coast For 20 years Sells was a transient serial killer who managed to  stay under the radar  as he roamed the country, killing and raping victims of all ages. During his confessions, he took on the nickname Coast to Coast when describing the murders he had committed one month in California and the next month in Texas. Based on Sells confessions throughout the years, the following timetable can be pieced together, though not all his claims have been proved: December 1988, Tucson, Arizona: Kills  Ken Lauten over a bad drug deal.December-January 1988, Salt Lake City, Utah:  Murders an unknown woman and her 3-year-old son, disposing of their bodies in the Snake River in Idaho.January 1988,  Ã‚  Ina, Illinois: After murdering the Dardeen family, is arrested for stealing a car. He takes off before his scheduled court appearance.January 1988, Lawrence, Massachusetts: Rapes and murders Melissa Trembly, 11.January 27, 1989,  Truckee, California: Kills an unnamed  prostitute  and disposes of her body; an unidentified womans body was found at the location he gave police.April 1989, Roseburg, Oregon: Kills  an unnamed woman in her 20s.May  9, 1989, Roseburg: Kills  a female hitchhiker.May  9, 1989,  Roseburg: Is arrested  for stealing from his employer; spends 15 days in jail.August 16, 1989, North Little Rock, Arkansas: Is arrested  on theft charges.October 18, 1989, Oakland, California: Is charged  with public drunken ness and put into detox.November 1989, Carson City, Nevada: Is charged with public drunkenness.December 1989, Phoenix, Arizona: Is hospitalized  for a heroin overdose.January  7, 1990, Salt Lake City, Utah: Is arrested on charges of  cocaine possession but released after police determined that he was not in possession of drugs.January 12, 1990, Rawlings, Wyoming: Is arrested and sent to prison for auto theft; released in January 1991.December 1991, Marianna, Florida: Kills  Teresa Hall, 28, and her 5-year-old daughter.March-April 1992, Charleston, South Carolina: Is arrested  for  public drunkenness.May 13, 1992, Charleston, West Virginia: Is imprisoned  for raping, beating, and stabbing a 20-year-old woman who survived the attack; sentenced to two 10-year prison terms and  released in May 1997.October 13, 1997,  Lawrenceville, Illinois: Attacks  Julie Rea Harper and stabs 10-year-old Joel Kirkpatrick to death.October 1997,  Springfield, Missouri: Kidnaps, rape s, and strangles to death 13-year-old Stephanie Mahaney.October 1998, Del Rio, Texas: Marries  a woman with three children; the couple is separated for two weeks in February 1999 and again in late March.March 30, 1999,  Del Rio: Rapes  and murders Debbie Harris, 28, and Ambria Harris, 8.April 18, 1999,  San Antonio, Texas: Rapes  and strangles Mary Perez, 9.May 13, 1999, Lexington, Kentucky: Rapes  and murders Haley McHone, 13, then sells her bicycle for $20.Mid-May-June 24, 1999,  Madison, Wisconsin: Is jailed for drunk and  disorderly conduct.July  3, 1999, Kingfisher, Oklahoma: Shoots and kills  Bobbie Lynn Wofford, 14.December 31, 1999, Del Rio, Texas: Murders Katy Harris,13, and attempts to murder Krystal Surles, 10; his final murder. Trials and Sentencings On September 18, 2000, Sells pleaded guilty and was convicted of the capital murder of Katy Harris and attempted murder of Krystal Surles. He was sentenced to death. On September 17, 2003, Sells was indicted but never tried for the 1997 Greene County, Missouri, murder of Stephanie Mahaney. That same year, Sells pleaded guilty to strangling to death 9-year-old Mary Bea Perez of San Antonio, for which he received a life sentence. Sells was executed  by lethal injection in the Allan B. Polunsky Unit near West Livingston, Texas, on April 3, 2014, at 6:27 p.m. CST. He declined to make a final statement. Sources Tommy Lynn Sells. Clarkprosecutor.org.Engle, Scott. Murder Case Reopened on Executed Killer. Montgomery County Police Reporter.

Violence on Tv - 1852 Words

Violence on TV Most people in our society generally have the opinion that violence on television increases aggression in children and adolescents. Does it ? Who is to say whether television has a positively direct effect or a positive correlation ? However, the majority of the people who have researched this topic have discovered that violence on television is indeed one of the prime factors contributing to the increase in violent and aggressive behavior among the youth in society. That is to say there has been a growth of strong evidence to suggest that television violence does play an important and contributory part in the learning of aggression.[1] In other words, violence in the media helps promote and encourage children and†¦show more content†¦For example, one of the most well know studies of modeling aggressive behavior and to determine if children imitate violent acts observed on television is an experiment done by Albert Bandura, Dorothea Ross and Sheila A. Ross. To test t heir hypothesis, the subjects were divided into three experimental groups and one control group. One group observed real-life aggression, the second group observed the same models but on film and the third group watched an aggressive cartoon. The groups were also subdivided into male and female subjects so that half the subjects were exposed to the same sex models, while the other half viewed model of the opposite sex. After the subjects were exposed to aggression, they were tested for the amount of imitation and non-imitation aggression. As a result, the boys were significantly more aggressive than the girls. Gender was also positively correlated with imitative aggression and the subjects tended to imitate the same sex models more than the opposite sex. 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Battle Of Ap Bac Essay Example For Students

Battle Of Ap Bac Essay BATTLE OF AP BACOn July 7, 1954 Bao Dai, president of Vietnam appointed Ding Diem as Prime Minister. Dai was a pro French president who did not have communist beliefs for Vietnam. Diem was man who refused French rule and favored American ideas. He was a Roman Catholic, thus causing him to be an opponent of communism as well. He also maintained a link to the CIA through Colonel Edward Lansdale, renowned expert on counterinsurgency. In April 1955 Diem launched an offensive against his main rivals in the south (Coa Dai and Hoa Hoa sects well as the powerful Binh Xuyen pirates) and declared himself president. Since the south was a mainly Buddhist and Diem was Catholic, it caused him to be isolated from the people. His fear of a coup and obsession with power caused him to distrust all, but his own family. Between Diem and his family there was a spread of corruption throughout the country. By the late 1950s South Vietnam had degenerated into repressive, undemocratic state, which left its people angry and isolated. 1957 sparked the first sign of trouble as guerillas launch attacks on government agencies in rural areas. It was believed that the Vietnamese Communist launched the attacks; also know as the Viet Cong (VC), who was of the Viet Ming party that stayed behind. They had gone under ground a few years earlier in 1954. They gained the support of North Vietnam and in 1959 began a policy to reunify Vietnam with a large-scale infiltration of armed cadres into the south along the Ho Chi Man Trail. Due to the resentment caused by Diem, a substantial part of South Vietnam was taken over by the communist (VC). The US, under the leadership of President John F. Kennedy, was convinced that the insurgency in South Vietnam was part of a Sino-Soviet campaign to ensure the spread of Communism. The US government sent aid to South Vietnam in the form of US supplied M-113 armored personnel carriers, helicopters, aircraft along with pilots and mechanics to train South Vietnamese personnel on their use. Also US Special Forces (green berets) and Army advisors were deployed to boost the capability of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). At the end of 1961, about 3,160 US service personnel were in Vietnam. The number would rise to about 16,000 two years later. Even the advantages of US military technology and advisors to South Vietnam, after a short time the VC learned to operate around them. This was due to the AVRN unit commanders, many of who were just political appointees, lacked resolve. Thus allowing the VC to escape instead of risking heavy AVRN casualties. The VC was engaging in new techniques ranging from the relocation of villagers to more fortified areas to use of air and artillery strikes in rural areas. This resulted in more alienation of the people from Diems cause, ultimately leading to the peasant class assisting the VC. January 2, 1963 the AVRN 7th Division was ordered to destroy a VC in the hamlet (AP) of Tan Thoi. The plan was for AVRN infantry to be landed by helicopter to the north of the hamlet, while two Civil Guard battalions supported by a company of M-113s approached from the south through the neighboring hamlet of Bac. Originally it was believed that the transmitter was guarded by an estimate of 120 VC. In reality it was guarded by about 360. The AVRN attack went wrong from the very start. After the infantry had landed at 0703 hrs, it was discovered that the weather was not good enough for any more helicopter operations, due to a thick ground fog. Further operations had to post-poned until 0930 hrs. The first clash occurred at 0745 where the Civil Guard blundered into the VC section across their route. .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94 , .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94 .postImageUrl , .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94 , .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94:hover , .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94:visited , .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94:active { border:0!important; } .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94:active , .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94 .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u430d124e9d2fd1e87f39bf009d383b94:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Necklace: A Closer Look at Character Essay After the loss of their company commander the South Vietnamese Army went to the ground and called for much needed reinforcements. Helicopters were landed 300 yards west of Bac and were supported by UH-1 gunships. It is said that US pilots landed 200 yards from the hamlet into a VC ambush. As they came in at about 1020 hrs they were hit by machinegun and rifle fire from hidden foxholes. One of the CH-21 was shot down and another came in to recover the aircrew. That helicopter and a UH-1 met a similar fate. The infantry on board took cover in the paddy dikes. A call was made to the commander of the M-113s ordering him to suggest an immediate advance on Bac, but the APCs were away to the west beyond a series of canals. Some ARVN unit commanders had initially refused to move. It was not until 1300 until the first APCs reached the battle area. At 1430 hrs they charged the VC held positions, but the VC held their ground using grenades to hold off the vehicles. An airborne division was to the made available to the ARVN but were ordered the east of Bac to cut off the retreat of the VC. The VC was resourceful enough to wait until nightfall to slip away into the darkness leaving only 18 dead behind. America suffered only 3 fatalities, but the AVRN suffered over 80 due to the indecisiveness of their leaders. Later after much conflict in South Vietnam, a coup was plotted and carried out against Diem. He was assassinated due to his oppressive nature against the Buddhist religion. America at this point could not back out of the conflict and was committed by November 1, 1963. BATTLE OF AP BACAmerican History Essays

The Stroop Phenomenon Essays - Neuropsychology, Perception

The Stroop Phenomenon Introduction The stroop phenomenon is a way of measuring how automatic or intentional some well practised tasks are and how we respond in conflict situations. This phenomenon also measures individual distinctions, originality and cognitive flexibility. The two aspects of cognitive development that are demonstrated by the stroop task are naming response and counting response. When two responses compete or are in conflict, the time required to make the correct decision is dependent on speed and accuracy. In the article "Tracing The Time Course of Picture Word Processing", by M.C. Smith and L.E. Magee; these two researchers found that picture naming was affected by the presence of incongruent words (Experiment 1). Also naming a picture was faster than when a congruent word was present. Therefore pictures activate the name code. Another experiment (Experiment 2) indicated that memory for pictures and words, whether they were initially named or categorized had an effect on memory. Memory was better for words if they have been categorized and for pictures if they have been named. Experiment 3 showed the same results as the previous two experiments. The fourth experiment, with the introduction of less common objects, subjects could name the words faster than generating a category name for the words. Naming pictures are prone to interference when incongruent words are presented simultaneously. Word naming is not as much influenced by distracting pictures. Pictures and words differ in the amount of information to be filtered out, to get the correct response. The design of this experiment is a within subject experiment as the number of choices to be made after viewing the stimulus on the screen are same for everybody (2,3,4). Also the meaning versus number choices (same, different, conflicting) are used by everyone. The dependent variables in this experiment are average accuracy (%) and average time/response (msec). the independent variable is the random stimulus which appeared on the screen, whether it was the same, different or conflicting. In this experiment we were shown 2, 3, or 4 items on the screen in a randomized form and had to select the right number of items using 2,3,4 on the keyboard as quickly and accurately as possible. In this experiment, the stroop task will be demonstrated. When there is no conflict between the stimulus and response to be chosen, responses will be quick and accurate. When there is a conflict between the stimulus and response to be made, interference will exist and responding will be slower and less accurate. Results & Discussion Figure 1 The average accuracy in percent for subject 1, was good for the 'same' condition. Then they started to decrease when the stimulus was 'different'. This score for subject 1 at the 'different' condition was the lowest among all 3 conditions. When the stimulus was 'conflicting', subject 1 was losing accuracy again and so was not as high as in the 'same' condition. Subject 1 was less accurate in the 'different' and 'conflicting' situations. The average accuracy in percent for subject 2, was quite consistent, being one hundred percent in all conditions. So this subject had a higher accuracy rate than subject 1. Figure 2 In relation to average time/response in milliseconds, subject 1 was quicker than subject 2. Then condition where subject 1 slowed down the most was in the 'different' condition. In the 'conflicting' condition, subject 1 increased their speed more than in any other condition. Subject 2 was quite consistent in all 3 conditions in relation to average time/response, with the milliseconds being only 3 or 4 different from the other conditions. For subject 2 the highest responding rate was in the 'conflicting' condition, followed by 'same', then the 'different' condition. This shows that in the 'conflicting' condition, the subjects response rate increased. In the 'different' condition the response decreased. Also if one subject has a higher accuracy rate than another subject, then the average time/response will be lower. The stroop task demonstrates that the naming response (same) is faster than the response used while counting (different) and that when 2 responses conflict (conflicting), the time to make a correct decision increases. Since people find the 'conflict' condition difficult, they will make more errors and take more time to determine the correct response. So the accuracy and response rate decreases in the 'conflict' situation. The difference in speed and accuracy in the 3 conditions (same, different, and conflicting) was the result of the experience with each specific condition. The more practice with each condition, the smaller the differences in speed and accuracy among the three conditions. When there

Workshop Exercise Week 5 Developing a Thesis Stat Essays - Writing

Workshop Exercise Week 5: Developing a Thesis Statement in Response to An Essay Topic For the mid-term essay, you have been given a list of topics to write about in relation to either Great Expectations or Jane Eyre. In university essays (unlike Leaving Cert essays, which are more like summaries or checklists of everything you know about a text or subject), you are expected to to formulate an argument in response to your chosen topic which is articulated in a thesis statement in your introductory paragraph. Furthermore, you are expected to analyze both the "content" and the "form" of the text and base your argument on evidence (citation and analysis) from the primary text and from secondary sources of scholarly criticism. Complete the exercise on pages 3-5 (section II of this handout) and bring it to your Workshop in Week 5. This exercise is designed to help you develop a thesis statement which expresses the argument you will make about your chosen topic and which includes of analysis of both the "content" and the "form" of the text. Note: you may decide to change your thesis statement, topic, or chosen text after this workshop. The exercise is designed to help start you thinking what you might write about, which might change as you work through it. Be prepared to peer-review your thesis statement in class. After the exercise is a list of peer-review questions (section III), followed by an appendix of materials (section IV) that can give you further guidance in developing a thesis statement. I What is a Thesis Statement? If your assignment asks you to take a position or develop a claim about a subject, you need to convey that position or claim in a thesis statement near the beginning of your draft. When an assignment asks you to analyze, to interpret, to compare and contrast, to demonstrate cause and effect, or to take a stand on an issue, it is likely that you are being asked to develop a thesis and to support it persuasively. A thesis statement... . Tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion. . Is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper. . Directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a topic or subject, not the subject itself. The subject, or topic, of an essay might be 19th-century gender roles or Alice in Wonderland; a thesis must then offer a way to understand gender roles or the novel. . Makes a claim-an argument- that others might dispute. . Is usually a single sentence near the end of your first paragraph that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation. The conclusion usually reiterates the thesis statement and summarizes how you have demonstrated its truth. Some Caveats and Examples: . An effective thesis cannot be answered with a simple "yes" or "no." A thesis is not a topic; nor is it a fact; nor is it an opinion. "Reasons for the fall of communism" is a topic. "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe" is a fact known by educated people. "The fall of communism is the best thing that ever happened in Europe" is an opinion. (Superlatives like "the best" almost always lead to trouble. It's impossible to weigh every "thing" that ever happened in Europe. And what about the fall of Hitler? Couldn't that be "the best thing"?) . A good thesis has two parts. It should tell what you plan to argue, and it should "telegraph" how you plan to argue-that is, what particular support for your claim is going where in your essay. . A thesis is never a question. Readers of academic essays expect to have questions discussed, explored, or even answered. A question ("Why did communism collapse in Eastern Europe?") is not an argument, and without an argument, a thesis is dead in the water. . A thesis is never a list. "For political, economic, social and cultural reasons, communism collapsed in Eastern Europe" does a good job of "telegraphing" the reader what to expect in the essay-a section about political reasons, a section about economic reasons, a section about social

Coloring the TDBGrid Delphi Component

Coloring the TDBGrid Delphi Component Adding color to your database grids will enhance the appearance and differentiate the importance of certain rows or columns within the database. Well do this by focusing on DBGrid, which provides a great user interface tool for displaying data. Well assume that you already know how to connect a database to a DBGrid component. The easiest way to accomplish this is to use the Database Form Wizard. Select the employee.db from the DBDemos alias and select all fields except EmpNo. Coloring Columns The first and easiest thing you can do to visually enhance the user interface is to color individual columns in the data-aware grid. Well accomplish this through the TColumns property of the grid. Select the grid component in the form and invoke the Columns editor by double-clicking the grids Columns property in the Object Inspector. The only thing left to do is specify the background color of the cells for any particular column. For text  foreground color, see the font property. Tip: For more information on Columns editor, look for Columns editor: creating persistent columns in your Delphi help files. Coloring Rows If you want to color the selected row in a DBGrid but you dont want to use the dgRowSelect option (because you want to be able to edit the data), you should instead use the DBGrid.OnDrawColumnCell event. This technique demonstrates how to dynamically change the color of text in a DBGrid: procedure TForm1.DBGrid1DrawColumnCell (Sender: TObject; const Rect: TRect; DataCol: Integer; Column: TColumn; State: TGridDrawState);beginif Table1.FieldByName(Salary).AsCurrency36000 then DBGrid1.Canvas.Font.Color:clMaroon;DBGrid1.DefaultDrawColumnCell (Rect, DataCol, Column, State);end; Heres how to dynamically change the color of  a row in a DBGrid: procedure TForm1.DBGrid1DrawColumnCell (Sender: TObject; const Rect: TRect; DataCol: Integer; Column: TColumn; State: TGridDrawState);beginif Table1.FieldByName(Salary).AsCurrency36000 then DBGrid1.Canvas.Brush.Color:clWhite;DBGrid1.DefaultDrawColumnCell (Rect, DataCol, Column, State);end; Coloring Cells Finally, heres how to change the background color of the cells of any particular column, plus the text foreground color: procedure TForm1.DBGrid1DrawColumnCell (Sender: TObject; const Rect: TRect; DataCol: Integer; Column: TColumn; State: TGridDrawState);beginif Table1.FieldByName(Salary).AsCurrency40000 thenbegin DBGrid1.Canvas.Font.Color:clWhite; DBGrid1.Canvas.Brush.Color:clBlack;end;if DataCol 4 then //4 th column is Salary DBGrid1.DefaultDrawColumnCell (Rect, DataCol, Column, State);end; As you can see, if an employees salary is greater than 40 thousand, its Salary cell is displayed in black and the text is displayed in white.

Protectionism in the U.S Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Protectionism in the U.S - Term Paper Example A trade barrier is a general expression that illustrates any government policy or regulation that limits international trade, the barriers can take many forms, including: Import duties Import licenses Export licenses Quotas Tariffs Subsidies Tariffs, which are taxes on trade in of supplies into a country or region, are among the oldest forms of government intervention in financial activity. They are implemented for two clear economic purposes. First, they grant revenue for the government. Second, they get better economic returns to firms and suppliers of resources to a domestic industry that faces competition from foreign imports. Tariffs are broadly used to protect domestic producers’ incomes from foreign competition. This fortification comes at an economic cost to domestic consumers who pay higher prices for import challenging goods and to the economy as a whole through the inefficient allocation of resources to the import-competing domestic industry. Therefore, since 1948, when average tariffs on manufactured goods surpass 30 percent in most developed economies, those economies have sought to reduce tariffs on manufactured goods through several rounds of discussions under the General Agreement on Tariffs Trade . â€Å"Non-tariff barriers include "non-science based sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards, customs procedures, government monopolies and lack of transparency in regulations†. Some non-tariff trade barriers are mainly acceptable in very partial circumstances when they are measured necessary to keep health, safety, or sanitation. Non-tariff barriers to trade can be: State subsidies, procurement, trading, and ownership. National regulations on health, safety, employment. Product Classification. Quotas. Foreign Exchange: controls and multiplicity. Over elaborate or inadequate infrastructure. 'Buy national' policy. Intellectual property laws (patents and copyrights). Bribery and corruption. Unfair customs procedures.

The use of photography as evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The use of photography as evidence - Essay Example is fundamentally appropriate as it becomes more common and affordable, in case of questioning the existing safeguards in the rules of evidence which are complement the verification of the totality of visual evidence as captured and stored in a digital articulation. Questions regarding photography as evidence are so discrete that it might more distinguishingly be apprehended as a series of abstracted questions. With time concern, though a couple of centuries old, photography has gone through a tremendous gradation of technical developments, and as a result, it is well distinguished in today’s scenario as compared to what it was at its bearing. This paper attempts to facilitate a critique of the cases which influence in the evaluation of the role of photography as an evidence. Furthermore, the emergence of the cases over a period of time, with reference to the accommodation of photojournalism in order to provide evidence is also outlined. With appropriate spreading as time passed by, photography is viewed as the most accurate representation of the reality or truth because, as such, it was equalized with truth; people seemed to believe that photography could not lie. There were many pictures which belonged to the early times and revealed to man the factuality he has not even suspected to exist, for example, countries which he had never seen, or monuments he did not know about. Throughout the photography’s history, there have been a number of instances inclusive of relevant manipulations of photographs which have been acknowledged as real and truthful. However, with the advent of digital imaging in the early 1980s, the photographic circles were subjected to the fears regarding the aggravating dishonesty of photography. Several prominent cases have depicted such fear, chiefly, one of the most eminent, was a picture published on the cover of the National Geographic in the year 1982, which demonstrated a group of B edouins befalling the pyramids of Gysa (Photography

Conflict Management Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conflict Management Plan - Research Paper Example Firstly, they should begin with David’s accusations against James, which have stated that James is causing confusion in the production line, which is causing the earlier to miss quality checks. It is vital to solve this through collaboration that is a win-win strategy for all the parties (Dontigney, 2014). The problem in question that is quality checks requires an all-inclusive approach. If situation is resolved as per David’s accusation, James will be of the view that the solution favours one side. Similarly, if the manager and the superintendent dismiss David’s allegations, then he will miss more quality checks. Based on the above, the two senior officers should check if there is anything, which James does which results in David missing quality checks. If there is, then James should desist from doing it, if there is not, then David missing quality checks was a culmination of his own inefficiency, which he had heaped upon James. Subsequently David should be reprimanded for levelling false allegations against a co-worker. The two senior officers, the manager and superintendent, should focus on forging cooperation between the two employees, which is vital for ensuring that the industry churns out products that meet set quality regulations (Dontigney, 2014). Cooperation between the two employees will result in an effective production

The Global Issue Of Terrorism Can Technology Help Criminology Essay

The Global Issue Of Terrorism Can Technology Help Criminology Essay Human is facing many global issues nowadays, however the issues of terrorism is already evolved and become one of a serious issue that has been patient by the whole world. The statistical data shows that terrorism slowly grows up around us and occurs more and more. For example, the infamous incident had happened recently is 911case in US, it has brought out a huge damage, not only affect their economy but also affect civilian life there. Therefore, it was also involved and crashed the global economy thus bring panic to the worldwide. As a result, terrorism means extremist stand for theirs own view and unstopped making incident attack. The four characteristics of the terrorism are: the threat or use of violence, a political objective; the desire to change the status quo, the intention to spread fear by committing spectacular public acts and the intentional targeting the civilians. The problems that terrorism has caused in the world today are world chaos, terrified of people, economic depression and other more. In conclusion, this research paper addresses the issue of terrorism in order to find out if todays technology can help to prevent terrorism. It looks at the type of terrorism, the causes of terrorism, ways to prevent terrorism through the use of technology. Chapter2 Literature Review According to this website http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8552323/ , this article talked about the technology for preventing terrorism in the future such likes smoke-detector, human vigilance and bomb-sniffing dogs. They can detect bombs and chemical and biological weapons. This site http://www.meteck.org/causesTerrorism.html , it talked about the causes of terrorism for example: nationalism/separatism, globalisation, (non) democracy and religion. These causes are considered as the main by this website. In this site http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/terrorism/intlterror.html , the data shows that the terrorism happened from year 1968 to year 2007 keep rise and fall. That had make many people fatalities and injuries. According on the book of Historical Dictionary of Terrorism, there has many information probes into the type of terrorism, classification of terrorist groups, new players and changing motivations of terrorists and impact of technology on contemporary terrorism and the future threats of weapons of mass destruction and cyber-terrorism. According to New Straits times According newspaper, on 2009/12/11, Indonesia had invented a new type of defence installations called new anti-terror body. It can rooting out terrorists and routing their cells remain its key tasks, the new agency will put greater emphasis on prevention. This will include rehabilitating detained terrorists so that they do not return to their old ways after leaving prison, and clamping down on religious radicalism Chapter3 Methodology For this assignment, most of the information we search from internet. From internet, we can know more things about terrorism. But we also put some our opinion in this assignment. We also get some information from books and newspapers to more different things. Conversely, we decide to do interview question. Our interview question, we asked Taylors College student. Via interview question, we know the opinion of the student and give his knowledge about terrorism for us. Lastly, we also drew mind map for easier to start this assignment because we can know where to start from the mind map. Chapter4 Type of Terrorism State Terrorism An act of state terrorism is not difficult to identify. In the example of history record, the concept of terrorism has been bought to us by the French governments reign of terror in the first place. Briefly after the French monarch in 1793, there is an establishment of revolutionary dictatorship and it decided to root out anyone who might resisted the revolution. At the time, about tens of thousands of civilians have been killed as a variety of crimes. State terrorism is normally uses violence and spread fear to maintain their power, by the way, their main target is the innocent civilians. State terrorism always selected the public to regard as a negotiation to spread fear thus committing critical public acts. One of the characteristics might in a political objective, state terrorism wants to change the status quo desirously. In the addition, state terrorism just similar a civilian so that they are omnipresent and menaced to the public seriously. Bioterrorism Bioterrorism have always to use germs and disease as weapons. Bioterrorism are less in appearance and there are no recorded their attacks. However, the reported risk has been paid highly attention by the U.S. government to defense bioterrorism in the early part of the 21st century. Bioterrorism will be adopted to liberate toxic biological to harm the civilians. The viruses, bacteria and toxins have been sort out by the U.S. Center for Disease Control that could be used in attack. Eco-terrorism Eco-terrorism is describes that interests in hanging over of the environmentalism recently. In the main, these environmental extremists (eco-terrorism) made destruction on property to strike the development of economic on industries or they will harm the animal and to damage the natural environment thus benefit themselves. Some legal unit that permitted by the government, for example fur companies, deforestation and animal research laboratories was also included as eco-terrorism. Nuclear Terrorism Nuclear terrorism means a type of terrorists that to be adept in using nuclear materials by a number of different ways as their tactic. Nuclear terrorism is normally exploited any kind of radioactive materials just like attacking nuclear facilities, building nuclear weapons or purchasing nuclear weapons. These days we believe that terrorists might be able to purchase nuclear weapons on the black market easily. Therefore, its possible that the group of terrorists might be even to build a nuclear weapon themselves in the very soon future. Nar-co terrorism Nar-co terrorism had been started in the first place since 1983. Nar-co terrorism is a type of terrorists who indicate violence by using drug traffickers further to affect governments to interfere the drug trade. In the several years, nar-co terrorism even more defined their position toward how they use drug trafficking to fund their manipulation effectively. Cyber-terrorism Cyber-terrorism attack civilians by using information technology. Theres measure that they technically use information technology, such as telecommunications or computer systems as their tools to make desolation meticulously. More often, cyber-terrorism would disrupt network radically by their ways, to make the networks become paralyzed. For example, cyber-terrorism could crash the network security systems or hack into any networks to stole or destroy whatever information that they need. Cyber-terrorism is already become wide discussion because it was the most general threat that around the civilians and public. According to the interview questions that answered by most of the student of the Taylors university college considered roughly that the terrorism is an extreme activities which was intention to threat or behavior in violence to the public or civilians. They also said that terrorist is someone who is not balance in their psychology and they thought that terrorism will not only damage the economy but also menace our life. According to the result from interview question, there is about 87% students in Taylors University College were worried about terrorism. The terrorism happened including a lot of reasons. One of the causes is human issues. These consist of the below: Human Issues Environment issue: The environment issue shows that the terrorism happened cause of some of the undeveloped or developing countrys national feel that their live environmental not good as the others developed countries, so they go on the terrorism activities to attack the better environment countries. It has relevant with the psychology issue. Psychology issue: Those terrorists pass on the terrorism to release their social pressure. Most of them facilitating war and other terrorist atrocities by inhibition the more or less lifted entirely with a more subtle sense. They fight with social disobedience. In additional, they might support those who use more lethal violence. Besides that, some of the terrorists go on the terrorism not for fighting against the real enemies but only to the old psychological wounds from early childhood harm. They try to doing hurt to others to make reprisal. Others that, variously unbalanced psychology problem such like, envy also cause the terrorism happened. Education issue: Nowadays, education issue has been universally accepted by the whole world that mainly causes the terrorism. In some of the undeveloped countries, many of children been teaching to hold and use the weapon to attack with extremely mind and knowledge, especially Islamic countries. When those children grow up, they maybe will be influenced to become terrorists and go on the terrorism. Besides that, some of the high technology countries provide the data of the dangerous weapon manufacture. When these techniques been learning by those scheme people, it will only increase the dangerous of the world. Religion issue: It is also one of the causes of terrorism. There have a lot of the religion in this world such like Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and other more. Among these religions, a small part of these religion ideology are extremely and exist dangerously. These extreme religions exists evil thought and disseminate spread heretical ideas. They teaching their followers and believer a lot of the extreme idea and instigate them to sacrifice themselves to gain the trust from the God. Besides that, the clashing among the religion made the terrorism unstopped happened. Race issue: There has been a lot of terrorism happened causes of the racial issue. In most of the countries, there got more than two race people live together, such like United State of America, Malaysia and other more. These made a lot of clashing within a country of different race or between 2 countries. Race clashing happened including many causes, like censure with each other, religion issue, the different life style and living standard and others. In addition, racial discrimination and rejection aggravate the problem Advantage issue: When two country happened benefit dispute or when a country envious another countrys flourishing and wealth, then the terrorism maybe happened. Besides that, the variety advantage clashing between two countries made the terrorism keep happened. Refer to the interview questions that answered by some students in Taylors University College who thought that terrorism will happen, the majority cause was come from the religion. The different intention of religions will be clashing thus cause fissure of different religions. Otherwise, they were not agreed that terrorism was the outcome of religious teaching because these purely are their private idea regardless of religious problem and he also thought that for the terrorists root cause roughly is their education and environment problem. Overall, they said that the incident attack which was happened in USA was came from Afghanistan because he believed that the USA government had attacked Afghanistan before with a reason that cannot be accepted by the whole world and make the citizen of Afghanistan became angrier to USA government and he thought that some of the citizen will try to revenge the USA government. Technology in the future Anti-terrorist truck U.S patent 4667565, Rapid response patrol and antiterrorist vehicle by Reg. A. Anderson. Issued May 26, 1987. The anti-terrorist truck exterior is actually not different with normal truck. There is a mechanical robot hide inside the anti-terrorist truck which is controlled by people. When the truck parked quietly at parking zone and terrorist walk past the truck unknowingly, the mechanical robot can be out of the truck roof and shot the terrorist with machine gun immediately. This technology can help terrorist defender to defend terrorist in a good way and the terrorist defender will not be hurt by terrorist because the terrorist defender is not inside the truck. Therefore, anti-terrorist truck also has a protection of terrorist defender. Airplane sleeping gas system U.S. patent 6499693, Aircraft to respond to threats, by Ariel S.Rogson. Issued Dec 31, 2002. We know that terrorists are almost breaking down the cockpit door successfully and burst into airplane. This is quite dangerous for passengers. This sleeping gas system is installed into the planes ventilation system. When pilot discovers terrorists makes confusing in the plane, the pilot can release the sleeping gas. After releasing sleeping gas, the terrorists and passengers are knocked unconscious. Then, pilot land the plane and let police arrest the terrorists. According to this case, this sleeping gas is just a hypnagogue and it will not harm people. People will wake up after one or two hour. Explosion Containment Net U.S. patent 6854374, Explosion containment net, by O. Alan Breazeake. Issued Feb 15, 2005.U.S. Terrorists can sacrifice their life to tie bomb on their body and let the boom explode. This may kill many people when the bomb explodes. Explosion containment net look like an umbrella, but it is actually a strong Kevlar net fired from a special gun to compress and prevent a bombs blast. Terrorist defender can use explosion containment net to suck the terrorist who tie bomb on their body. There is a tank is worn on the back of operator. The explosion containment net also contains a tube for providing fire suppressant agent. This net is not only can deal with terrorists but also a great way for fishing. Anti-terror Robot-MAC http://blogpipiatbingi.com/philippines-mac-anti-terror-robot/ MAC means Mechanical Anti-terrorist Concept. This is the first Philippines anti-terror robot dubbed as MAC is important and very much equipped in foiling bomb attacks in the metro. MAC is the first Pinoy-made bomb disposal robot. It is actually developed by students and engineering professors. The anti-terror robot is made of aluminums and fiberglass so it has a very strong exterior. It can be used for examining and recovering a suspected explosive away from public. It is a necessary for bomb disposal and disarmament. People can control it with wireless interface. Digital sharing data Fingerprint Scanner The advanced biometric technology with fingerprint scanner provides terrific functions, such as functions in window logon, Screen Saver Lock, Web Account, File Encryption and PC Lock. The fingerprint scanner also involves personal data security and whole the country does not be invaded. Hence, it can stop terrorists from entering a country hence the terrorists also cannot threaten. For example, in the airport generally installed this technology to prevent the terrorists to enter their country because large numbers of people pass through airport, so there will become the terrorists gathering place. Similarly, the larger number of people on the airport, so the potential high lethality rate of attacks from there. In fact, some of the public schools boards also have decided installing fingerprint scanners at all entrances is the best way to proceed as it can keep students safe in a system that is far behind the times in preventing terrorists attack them, such as it would go a long way to prevents school shooting, bomb threats etc. Conversely, terrorism is playing havoc with cyber cafe business, so the fingerprint scanner must be installed there it was responsible to introduce stringent rules regarding user information for record purpose. Disadvantage of fingerprint scanner is it cannot distinguish between a picture of a finger print and the finger itself and the sometimes the scanner can be fooled by a meld of a persons finger. On the other disadvantage is about civil securities because the criminal who are cutting off a persons finger to get access to a door. These deceptions are done to steal ones identity into secures system. As a result, a person who loses fingerprints identity then that person will never be able to use because it cannot be replaced their identity. Brain Scanning Regarding use of brain scanners must be regulated in order to prevent terrorist being used invade or intimidate civil liberties. Beside there, the brain scanning is scanning the honesty of an individuals subconscious. According researchers told that the brain scans already used in United States and also used by British police to determine who are lying to invade their country, so research finding that certain regions of the brain become more active when a person lies, they also used it to plan a crime to commit yet. On the other hand, the government also has used this technology to scan human brain who is the terrorist and prevention children being kidnapped. Hence, the brain scans to identify patterns of activity before translating them into meaningful revealing what a person planned to do in the near future. However, using the scanner could look around the brain for the information and read out something that who are not tells true. Conversely, using brain scanning also have some p roblem as a forecast the persons intention with 70% accuracy, it have been compromised when it scans person because it appeared to be fatigued. Retinal scanning The retinal scanning is used to map the inimitable patterns of a persons retina; it is located in the following part of the eyes. Beside there, it also complex structure to supply the retina with blood, the retina is unique for each person. Retinal scanners are typically used for authentication and identification point. It always used in the highest level of security, such as militaries, airports, power plants and the other mainly areas. It also has been utilized by several government including FBI and CIA. As a result, every countries government has installed the full body scanners of retinal scanning in major international airports. It would have detected any solid especially is the explosives strapped to terrorists body, so the full body scanners could be prevented the terrorist who tried to blow up airport Conversely, using retinal scanning also have some disadvantages, that is it can be quite expensive to install because the retinal scanner who are installed will be spent a lot of money. On the other disadvantage is it can be considered an invasion of privacy as a retina may indicate any health problem, for example it can scan all solid that included civil of country. The third and four disadvantages is considered intrusive and making inconvenient. However, it also the reason why retina scans technology has mostly been used for high-risk security places where it believed the extra security provided by retina scanner is desirable. Regarding most of the students opinion, they were considered vigorously that the United Nations is responsible to control and prevent terrorism effectively. Therefore, some of the students suggested that the Ministry of National Defense might manufacture some novel technology weapons to counter terrorism so that could protect civilians. They also thought that our country need to some severe laws to prevent invader. Chapter5 Conclusion Regarding the matter of increasing terrorists case in the world, we would suggest that governments from all over the world should spend more in tightening the security of the particular country and also to spend more on tracking the terrorist activities around the world. This can help to keep the terrorist activities to the minimal level. After adopt the introducing of the terrorism, we can know that terrorist is categories into six types of terrorists. Any type of the terrorism got different ways to affect the countries. Therefore, we should use the suitable way to counter the right type of terrorism. There have six reasons of the human issue that cause the terrorism happened. These human issues let the world become more and more confusion. Actually these issues can be solved with effectively way by us and also the country, especially by controlling ours mind and actions. Nowadays, there are still many concept of preventing technologies in the world. These technologies still investigate by preventer. These technologies can help to prevent terrorism in the future. Nowadays, finger print scanning, brain scanning and retinal scanning is the best way to prevent terrorists from entering a country. After that, when have terrorism happened in a country, then the country will use digital sharing data sent to other countries in the world. Overall, the best way to guard against terrorism is to have no enemies and the cause of social violence is accumulated social stress. Chapter6 Recommendation We think that some powerful country maybe make a Super Missile in the future when they were research for preventing terrorism. The super missile can scan all substance and then launch the missile when somebody aggress their country. We have fabricated a weapon; the name is all-round scout machine car. It can be tracked the suspicious of the people and arrest them. It function include fluoroscopy anything to ensure if it exist any danger and it also can demolish the bomb to cut down the harmful to people. A government of country should know what make terrorism happen. For example: Is it politic problem? Does the government fairly deal with people? Actually, high technology for preventing terrorism is still limited for us. Actually, we cannot totally prevent terrorism but we can decrease terrorism happen. Not only use technology but also need peoples cooperation to decrease it.

Bloodsucking Fiends: A Love Story Chapter 8~10

Chapter 8 Dinner with the Vampire â€Å"Is there something wrong with your food?† â€Å"No, I'm just not very hungry.† â€Å"You're going to break my heart, aren't you?† Chapter 9 He Knows If You've Been Bad or Good, So You'd Better†¦ For the few days he had been in San Francisco, because of the newness of it all, because of the mystery of the flowers and the worries of finding a job, Tommy had completely forgotten that he was horny. He had always been horny, and had accepted that he always would be horny. So when Jody sat down across from him and the tsunami of hormones washed over him, he was quite shocked that he had ever forgotten. Through dinner he missed most of her small talk and bought all the polite lies she told about her eating habits because his mind was busy with a single obsessive thought: She must move that scarf so I can see her breasts. When Tommy finished eating, Frederick came to the table. â€Å"Was there something wrong with your food?† he asked Jody. â€Å"No, I'm just not very hungry.† Frederick winked at Tommy and took their plates. Jody sat back, unwrapped her scarf and threw it over the back of her chair. â€Å"What a nice night,† she said. Tommy ripped his gaze from the front of her blouse and pretended to look out over the street. â€Å"Yep,† he said. â€Å"You know, I've never asked a man out before.† â€Å"Me either,† Tommy said. He had decided that he would throw himself at her feet and beg. Please, please, please, take me home and have sex with me. You have no idea how badly I need it. I've only done it twice in my life and both times I was so drunk that I had to be told about it the next day. Please, for the love of God, end this suffering, fuck me now or kill me! â€Å"Would you like a cappuccino?† he asked. She shook her head. â€Å"Tommy, can I trust you? Can I be honest with you?† â€Å"Sure.† â€Å"Look, I don't want to be too forward, but I think I have to be†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I knew it.† He fell forward until his head hit the table, rattling the silverware. He spoke into the tablecloth. â€Å"You just broke up with a guy, and this date seemed like a good idea at the time, but you think that you're still in love with him. And I'm a really nice guy and you'll always be my friend. Right?† â€Å"No. I wasn't going to say that.† â€Å"Oh, then you've just gotten out of a bad relationship and you're not ready to get into another one. You need to be alone for a while and find out what you really want. Right?† â€Å"No†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Right,† Tommy said into the tablecloth. â€Å"But things are moving a little too fast and maybe we should see other people for a while. I knew it. I knew you would break my – â€Å" Jody whacked him on the back of the head with a soup spoon. â€Å"Ouch!† Tommy sat up, rubbing the rising lump. â€Å"Hey, that hurt.† â€Å"Are you okay?† she asked, holding the soup spoon at ready. â€Å"That really hurt.† â€Å"Good.† She put the spoon down. â€Å"I was going to say that I don't want to be too forward, but you and I both need a place to live, and I need some help with some things, and I like you, and I was wondering if you wanted to get a place together?† Tommy stopped rubbing his head. â€Å"Now?† â€Å"If you don't have other plans.† â€Å"But we haven't even, you know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"We can just be roommates if you'd like. And if you need to think it over, I'll understand, but I really need your help.† Tommy was stunned. No woman had ever said anything like that to him before. In just these few minutes she had come to trust him enough to lay herself open to total rejection. Women didn't do that, did they? Maybe she was nuts. Well, that would be okay; she could be Zelda to his F. Scott. Still, he felt as if he owed her some sort of confession that would leave him equally vulnerable. â€Å"Five Chinese guys asked me to marry them today,† he said. Jody didn't know what to say, so she said, â€Å"Congratulations.† â€Å"I didn't accept.† â€Å"Thinking it over?† â€Å"No, I wouldn't two-time you.† â€Å"That's sweet, but technically you'd be six-timing me.† Tommy smiled. â€Å"I like you, I really do.† â€Å"Then let's move in together.† Frederick appeared at the table. â€Å"Well, I can see things are going along just swimmingly between you two.† â€Å"Check, please,† Jody said. â€Å"Right away.† Frederick headed back into the cafe in a bit of a snit. Tommy said, â€Å"You're going to break my heart, aren't you?† â€Å"Irreparably. Would you like to go for a walk?† â€Å"Sure, I guess.† Frederick returned to the table with the check wallet. Jody pulled a wad of cash out of her backpack and handed him a hundred-dollar bill. As Tommy started to protest, standing to dig money out of his jeans pocket, Jody picked up her soup spoon and brandished it threateningly. â€Å"I'll get this.† Tommy sat back down. To Frederick, Jody said, â€Å"Keep the change.† â€Å"Oh, you are too generous,† Frederick gushed. He started backing away from the table in a half-bow. â€Å"And, Frederick,† Jody added, â€Å"Batman is far more over-accessorized than I am.† â€Å"I'm sorry you heard that,† Frederick said. â€Å"An overdeveloped sense of fashion will be my downfall.† He looked at Tommy. â€Å"You're right, she's going to break your heart.† â€Å"Have you seen Coit Tower?† she asked as they walked. â€Å"From a distance.† â€Å"Let's go there. It's all lit up at night.† They walked for a while without talking. Jody walked on the inside and dealt with the barkers with a shake of her head and a wave of dismissal. To one barker she said, â€Å"Thanks, but we're going to put on our own show.† Tommy coughed and tripped over a crack in the sidewalk. He looked at her as if she'd just announced the Second Coming. â€Å"I have to go to work at midnight,† he said. â€Å"You'll have to keep an eye on the time, then.† â€Å"Right. I will.† I can't believe I'm being this aggressive, Jody thought. I hear myself say these things and it's as if they're coming out of someone else's mouth. And he just agrees. I'd have become a tramp a long time ago if I'd known what a great sense of control it gives you. They passed two tall women with enormous breasts and impossibly narrow hips unloading wigs, wads of sequins, and a boa constrictor from the back of a rusted-out Toyota. Shift change at the strip joints, Jody thought. Tommy was riveted. Jody watched the heat rise in his face, just as it had when she caught him staring at her own breasts. He's so open, like a little kid, Jody thought. A cute little neurotic kid. I was lucky to find him. Lucky, considering everything that has happened. They turned on Kearny and Jody said, â€Å"So what do you think about my offer?† â€Å"It sounds okay, if you're sure. But I won't get my first pay-check for a couple of weeks.† â€Å"Money isn't a problem. I'll pay.† â€Å"No, I couldn't†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Look Tommy, I meant it when I said I need your help. I'm busy all day. You will have to find the place and rent it. And I have a lot of other things that you'll have to do. For one, my car is in impound and someone has to get it out during the day. If it would make you feel better, I can pay you so you'll have the money.† â€Å"Is that why you asked me if I had my days free in the parking lot last night?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"So it could have been anyone who worked the right hours?† â€Å"Your buddy works the right hours, and I didn't ask him. No, I thought you were cute.† â€Å"I can't deal with that.† He walked along looking straight ahead, saying nothing. They had passed into a neighborhood of apartment houses with security bars on the windows and electric locks on the doors. Ahead, Jody saw waves of red heat signatures coming out of one dark doorway. They were too hot for one person and too cool to be a lightbulb. She focused and could hear men whispering. She suddenly remembered the phone call: â€Å"You're not immortal. You can still be killed.† â€Å"Let's cross the street, Tommy.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Just come on.† She grabbed his jacket and yanked him into the street. When they were on the opposite sidewalk, Tommy stopped and looked at her as if she had just hit him on the head with a spoon. â€Å"What was that all about?† She waved for him to be quiet. â€Å"Listen.† Someone behind them was laughing. Laughing loudly enough to be heard without Jody's acute hearing. They both turned and looked back. A thin man dressed in black was standing under a street lamp a block away. â€Å"What's so funny?† Tommy asked. Jody didn't answer. She was staring at something that wasn't there. There was no heat signature coming off the man in black. â€Å"Let's go,† Jody said, hurrying Tommy up the street. As they passed the doorway across the street, Jody looked over and flipped a middle finger to the three toughs that had been waiting to ambush them. You guys are nothing, she thought. Laughter from the man in black still rang in her ears. It had been a long time since the vampire had heard the sound of his own laughter, and hearing it made him laugh all the louder. So the fledgling had found herself a minion. It had been a good idea to leave her hand partially exposed to the daylight. She had learned that lesson quickly. So many of them just wandered until daylight and burned to death, and he couldn't even enjoy the show unless he wanted to join them in perdition. This one was interesting: so reluctant to give herself to the blood. They only seemed to have two instincts, the hunger and the hiding. And this one had controlled the hunger on her first feeding. She was almost too good. So many of them, if they lasted the first night, went mad trying to live with their new senses. One night and he had to send them to hell with a snap of the neck and a fare-thee-well. But not this one. She had made him laugh; afraid of a few mortals whom she could crush like insects. Perhaps she was protecting her new servant. Perhaps he should kill the boy, just to watch her reaction. Perhaps, but not yet. Some other fly in her ointment then. Just to keep the game going. It felt so good to laugh after so long. Chapter 10 Walking, Talking, and Bumping in the Night Coit Tower jutted out of Telegraph Hill like a giant phallus. Impressive as it was, all lit up and overlooking the City, it made Tommy feel nervous, inferior, and pressured to perform. She had as much as admitted that she was going to take him to bed – had even offered to solve the problem of the Wongs. She was a dream come true. It scared the hell out of him. She took his hand and looked out over the City. â€Å"It's pretty, isn't it. We're lucky it's a clear night.† â€Å"Your hand is freezing,† he said. He put his arm around her and pulled her close. God, I'm smooth, he thought, a complete stud. I'm making a move on an older woman – an older woman with money. Now what? My arm is lying on her shoulder like a dead fish. I'm a geek. If I could just turn my mind off until it's all over. Just get shit-faced and do it. No, not that. Not again. Jody stiffened. She thought: I'm not cold. I haven't been cold since I changed, nor warm, for that matter. Kurt used to say I was always cold. How strange. I can see the heat around Tommy but there's none around me. â€Å"Feel my forehead,† she said to Tommy. Tommy said, â€Å"Jody, we don't have to do this if you're not ready. I mean, maybe, like you said, we should just be roommates. I don't want to pressure you.† â€Å"No, feel my forehead and see if I have a fever.† â€Å"Oh.† He put his hand on her forehead. â€Å"You're as cold as ice. Do you feel okay?† Oh my God! How could I have been so stupid? She tore away from him and began pacing. The guy outside her apartment, the laughing man on Kearny Street, he had been cold. And so was she. How many vampires were out there that she hadn't seen? â€Å"What's the matter?† Tommy asked. â€Å"Did I say something wrong?† I've got to tell him, she thought. He's not going to trust me if I keep it from him. She took his hand again. â€Å"Tommy, I think you ought to know. I'm not exactly what I seem to be.† He stepped back. â€Å"You're a guy, aren't you? I knew it. My dad warned me that this could happen here.† Maybe not, she thought. â€Å"No, I'm not a guy.† â€Å"Are you sure?† â€Å"Are you?† â€Å"There's no need to get nasty.† â€Å"Well, how would you feel if I asked you if you were a girl?† Tommy hung his head. â€Å"You're right. Sorry. But how would you feel if five Chinese women asked you to marry them? Things like that don't happen in Indiana. I can't even go back to my room.† â€Å"I can't either,† she said. â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"Give me a minute to think, okay?† She didn't want to go back to the motel on Van Ness again. The vampire knew she had been there. But he'd probably know even if she moved. â€Å"Tommy, we need to get you a motel room.† â€Å"Jody, I'm getting mixed messages here.† â€Å"No, don't take it wrong. I don't want to send you back to that room with the Wongs. I think we should get you a room.† â€Å"I told you, I don't get paid – â€Å" â€Å"My treat. It'll be an advance on your new job as my assistant.† Tommy sat down on the sidewalk and stared up at the lighted shaft of Coit Tower. He thought, I have no idea what I am supposed to be or what I'm supposed to do. First she wants me for my body, then she wants me as an employee, then she doesn't want me at all. I don't know whether I'm supposed to kiss her or fill out an application. I feel like one of those nervous little dogs from an electroshock test. Here's a bone, Spot. Zap! You didn't really want that, did you? He said, â€Å"Whatever you want me to do, I'll do.† â€Å"Okay,† Jody said. â€Å"Thanks.† She bent and kissed him on the forehead. I have no idea what I'm supposed to do, she thought. If we go to a motel and go to bed together, then he'll have to go to work, and when he comes back in the morning he'll come back to the room, open the door, and the sunlight will hit me. Bursting into flames is no way to impress someone on the first date. Separate rooms is the only way to go. He's going to get fed up and leave me like all the rest. â€Å"Tommy, can you go get your stuff tomorrow?† â€Å"Whatever you say.† â€Å"I can't explain now, but I might be in a little trouble and I have a lot of things to do. I need you to do a lot of things for me tomorrow. Can you do that after working all night?† â€Å"Whatever you say,† he said. â€Å"I'm going to get you a room at my motel. I won't be around until tomorrow night. I'll meet you at the motel office at sunset. When you come back to the room in the morning, the papers for my car will be on the bed, okay?† â€Å"Whatever you say.† Tommy looked dazed. He stared into his lap. â€Å"I'll give you money for an apartment. Try to find a place that's furnished. And no windows in the bedroom. Try to keep it under two thousand a month.† Tommy didn't look up. â€Å"Whatever you say.† I've taken over his mind, she thought. It's just like in the movies, when the vampire can control people's actions. I don't want that. I don't want to force him with my will. It's not fair. He was helpless enough, but now I've turned him into a zombie. I want help, but I don't want this. I wonder if there's enough of his mind left even to function, or if I've ruined him. â€Å"Tommy,† she said sternly, â€Å"I want you to climb to the top of the tower and jump off.† He looked up. â€Å"Are you out of your mind?† She threw her arms around him, kissed him, and said, â€Å"Oh, I'm so glad I didn't turn you into a vegetable.† â€Å"I'll give you time,† he said. Jody stood outside the four-story apartment building on Chestnut, watching and listening. There were no lights on in Kurt's apartment. Already it had become Kurt's apartment, not hers, not theirs. The moment she asked Tommy out, she had transferred whatever dreams and delusions she attached to being a couple to Tommy. It was always that way for her. She didn't like to be alone. She and Tommy had walked Telegraph Park talking about their past lives and avoiding the subject of a singular, future life until it was time for Tommy to go to work. Jody had called a cab from a pay phone and dropped Tommy off at the store with a kiss and a promise. â€Å"I'll see you tomorrow night.† It was only when she got out of the cab at the motel that she realized that the registration and pink slip for her car were still at Kurt's. Why didn't I take a damn key when I left? She toyed with the idea of ringing the bell, but the thought of looking Kurt in the eye after what she had done to him†¦ No, she'd have to get in on her own. Going through the two fire doors and the security bolts wasn't an option. The building was a pseudo-Victorian, the facade decorated with prefabricated bolt-on gingerbread. Jody tried to imagine herself climbing the front of the building and shuddered. To her relief, the side panels on the fourth-floor bay window were closed. No way in there. There was a five-foot-wide alley between Kurt's building and the one next to it. The bedroom window was on that side. No gingerbread for handholds there. She went to the alley and looked up. The bedroom window was open and the wall was as smooth as polished stone. She eyed the space between the two buildings. With her hands against one side and her feet against the other, she could spider her way up the wall. She'd seen guys climbing chimney crevices at Yosemite that way. Experienced climbers, with equipment. Not secretaries who avoided escalators for fear of breaking a heel. She focused on the open window and listened. The sound of someone breathing deeply, sleeping. No, it was the sound of two people sleeping. â€Å"You bastard.† She leaped into the air and caught herself between the two buildings, six feet off the ground, her feet against one, hands against the other. She was amazed that she could do it, but it wasn't that hard. It wasn't hard at all. She tested her weight against the tension in her limbs and it felt solid. She held herself with one hand while she pulled her skirt up over her hips with the other, then she tried a tentative step up. Hand, foot, hand, foot. When she paused to look down she was right under Kurt's window, forty feet off the ground, with only a garbage can and a stray cat to break her fall. She tried to catch her breath, then realized that she wasn't out of breath. She felt as if she could hold herself there for hours if she needed to. But the fear of falling pushed her on. You're not immortal. You can still be killed. She pushed the screen loose from the window with her left hand, got a grip on the windowsill, then loosed the tension in her legs and swung down against Kurt's building. Hanging by one hand, she removed the screen with the other and lowered it to the floor inside, then pulled herself up to the windowsill, where she crouched and looked around the room. Two people were in the bed. She could see their heat signatures rising through the covers and being dissipated by the cold breeze coming through the window. No wonder I complained about the cold. She stepped into the room and waited to see if the sleepers stirred. Nothing. She moved to the side of the bed and looked at the woman with almost scientific detachment. It was Susan Badistone. Jody had met her at Kurt's office picnic and had disliked her immediately. Her straight blond hair was spread over the pillow. Jody twisted a lock of her own curly red hair around her finger. So this is what he wanted. And that's an after-market nose if I've ever seen one. But it's all about appearances, isn't it, Kurt? Jody grabbed the covers and lifted them far enough to look under. She's got the body of a twelve-year-old boy. Oh Kurt, you should have let her finish the surgery schedule before you brought her home. She let the covers fall and Susan stirred. Jody backed away from the bed slowly. She had kept all of her papers in an expandable file under the sink in the bathroom. She went to the bathroom and palmed the cabinet open. The file was still there. She grabbed it and headed for the window. â€Å"Who's there?† Kurt said. He sat up in bed and stared into the dark. Jody ducked below the light coming in the window and watched him. â€Å"I said, who's there?† â€Å"What's a matter?† a groggy Susan said. â€Å"I heard something.† â€Å"It's nothing, honey. You're just jumpy after what that horrible woman did to you.† I could snap her scrawny blond neck, Jody thought. Then, in thinking it, in knowing that she could actually do it, she was no longer angry. I'm not â€Å"that horrible woman,† she thought. I'm a vampire, and no amount of plastic surgery, or breeding, or money will ever make you my equal. I am a god. For the first time since the transformation Jody felt calm, comfortable in her own skin. She waited there in the dark until they fell asleep again, then she climbed out the window and replaced the screen. She stood on the window ledge and threw the expandable file on the roof, then leaped up, grabbed the gutter, and pulled herself onto the roof. At the back of the building she found a steel ladder that went all the way to the ground. The climb between the two buildings had been completely unnecessary. Okay, not a particularly smart god, but at least a god who has her original nose.

Japanese American Concentration Camps

World War 2 was not officially initiated until German Nazi's invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. America did not get Involved in the war until December 7, 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, war was not declared on Japan until the following day. December 11, 1941 Germany declared war on the united States. The war was now In full force, with America raging war against the Japanese and the German Nazi's.Back home In America, they to were taking action to protect their homeland. In February of 1942, President Roosevelt signed an executive order to relocate all Japanese Americans. This occurred because of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Many feared that the Japanese were attempting to â€Å"Remain loyal to their homeland† and were acting as spies. Even without concrete evidence, President Roosevelt signed for them to be relocated. These camps were still located on American soil and were not death camps.The camps were concentration camps, a place where they go to basically do hard labor all day. Many Japanese American families sold their homes and assets, here was no guarantee that their lives would continue as normal upon their return. Their homes sold for fractions of the price they were actually worth, even Japanese vets of WWW were forced to leave their homes and assets behind. It did not matter If the families were born and raised In America and had never been to Japan, the fear of an invasion was to great to allow a possible security issue be lose. Until the camps were finished the Japanese Americans were held in stables at local racing tracks. Ten camps were completed and the camps were built in remote areas of seven western tastes : Arkansas, California, Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, and Utah. The housing was poor, Tarpaper Barracks were the housing for the Japanese. There were communal mess halls for family to dine with one another, the children had to attend school and the adults had the option to work for 5$ a day.The Japanese definitely were not living hig h class, but the camps they were located to where heaven to the Jewish In Germany. The plan for the camps was for them to be self sufficient, by farming for food. The solo was not Ideal for this plan however. The homes were not heated or lolled during seasonal changes and the food was made army grub style. The Japanese Americans were not allowed to leave because security would not hesitate to shoot one who tried to escape. There was armed security that stood round clock watch over the Japanese Americans. 27,000 Japanese Americans were wrongfully relocated into concentration camps, when challenged by Fred Sauerkraut, the Supreme Court showed little to no sympathy and said it was war time necessary for the camps. The government and the people without a Japanese bloodline agreed that it was simply for the time of war. The camps never got to be the point of the horrific f the Nazi's camps and that was greatly appreciated, but the act in itself was considered wrong and In history is labe led as a bad move In American history.January 8 1945, the first families were released from the camps. Most families had nowhere to go and nowhere to work. A lot of Americans would not hire Japanese Americans due to their own racism that grew because of the war. In 1988 the court tried to apologize for the wrong act of putting the Japanese Americans into compared to what the families had to go through during and after the camps. In hope America will stoop low enough to concentration camps again.

Catacombs essays

Catacombs essays Underground burial was common practice among ancient Mediterranean cultures, and therefore archeologist find underground burial tunnels in Egypt, Greece and many other Mediterranean lands. Catacombs were mostly built for memorial services and internment of the dead"(Catacombs1). There were a lot of uses for catacombs such as burial, celebration of martyrs, and celebration of the deceased persons of each family. There were two types of people who used the catacombs as burial grounds for their dead. When Christianity was being preached in Rome by Peter and Paul, there already there already existed in the pagan and Jewish catacombs(History1) The Romans Catholics used cremation at first then switched over to the underground burial. Then the Christians followed shortly after the Roman Catholics. The Christians did not follow pagan customs because it involved cremation. The Christians preferred burial, just as Christ was. They felt they had to respect the bodies that one day would rise from the dead. Over the years there were as much as sixty catacombs found near and in Rome. There were approximately one million Christian tombs discovered alone. (History 1) The catacombs were originally made for burial. The main religious groups at that time that used them were the Roman Catholics and the Christians. The catacombs were also used rarely for refuge when they had battles or wars. The opposing forces did not want to invade the burial ground. It was thought to be very bad luck to disturb the dead. They were afraid the spirits of the dead would haunt them.They also used the catacombs for anniversaries of the martyrs and the other dead. Martyrs means somebody who chooses to die rather than deny religious or political beliefs. The catacombs were tunnels that expanded into smaller or larger tunnels or burial places. There were rooms for all the dea...

All About Old Growth or Virgin Forests

All About Old Growth or Virgin Forests An old growth forest, late serial forest, primary forest or ancient forest is a woods of great age that exhibits unique biological features. Depending on tree species and forest type, the age can be from 150 to 500 years. Old growth forests typically contain a mixture of large live and dead trees or snags. Unharvested fallen tree logs in various states of decay litter the forest floor. Some environmentalists blame the dramatic loss of U.S. old growth forests to exploitation and disruption by Euro-Americans. It is true that old growth stands need a century or more to grow. How Will You Know You are in an Old Growth Forest? Foresters and botanists use certain criteria to determine old growth. Sufficient age and minimal disturbance is necessary to be classified as old growth. Characteristics of old-growth forest will include presence of older trees, minimal signs of human disturbance, mixed-age stands, canopy openings due to tree falls, pit-and-mound topography, downed and decaying wood, standing snags, multi-layered canopies, intact soils, a healthy fungal ecosystem, and presence of indicator species. What is a Second Growth Forest? Forests regenerated after harvests or severe disruptions like fire, storms or insects is often referred to as a second-growth forest or regeneration until a long enough period has passed that the effects of the disturbance are no longer evident. Depending on the forest, to become an old growth forest again may take anywhere from one to several centuries. Hardwood forests of the eastern United States can develop old-growth characteristics with several generations of trees existing in the same forest ecosystem, or 150-500 years. Why are Old Growth Forests Important? Old growth forests are often rich, biodiverse communities harboring wide varieties of plants and animals. These species must live under stable conditions free from severe disturbance. Some of these arboreal creatures are rare. The age of the oldest trees in an ancient forest indicates that destructive events over a long period were of moderate intensity and did not kill all the vegetation. Some suggest that old growth forests are carbon sinks that lock up carbon and help prevent global warming.

Ethics Awareness Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics Awareness Paper - Essay Example According to the Ethics Awareness Test I had taken, my ethical perspective is based on what is good to be, the virtues and characters of an individual as opposed to what is good to do, i.e. the actions of individuals when faced in circumstances where they are forced to make a choice. In this paper, I will apply the results of this Inventory Test to my personal and professional development and thus explain how my experience in Education has contributed to the development on how I think ethically. I will also address the use of ethics in decision making and discuss potential conflicts that will arise in situations where people have different ethical perspectives compared to mine. According to the test, my ethical perspective is based on the obligation of an individual on what is morally good to be. In my professional and personal life, the results of this test indicated that I will most definitely look at the person’s actions and character to determine the intention of the said individual. For instance, as a law enforcement officer, while investigating a crime, I will first look at the character of the suspect and later on come up with a conclusion of the intentions of his actions. The test supports the idea that I look beyond actions to determine an individual’s character; uprightness and integrity are the key elements of my analysis. For instance as an interrogation officer within the police department, I may face difficult circumstances that will warrant me to make a choice. For example, while conducting interrogation on a bank robbery suspect, the robber confesses to me where he hid his loot but offers to pay me a substantial amount of money if I sit on his confession and let him go. My actions at such a scenario will depend on my character. My character will determine if I follow the Codes and Ethics of Law enforcement officers and use this confession to facilitate his prosecution (Corey and Callanan, 1998). I will be unable to act morally and in accordance with the codes and conduct of Law Enforcement agencies if I do not possess the character of honesty and Integrity. My ethical thinking and view are greatly shaped with my education experience. My experience in Studies on Criminal Justice Administration has changed my ethical view point from focusing on my selfish interests without looking at what my actions could lead to in the enforcement of the law. Before attending my studies on Criminal Justice Procedures, I thought of my own interests and did not have a clear picture on what results my actions have in the criminal justice system and the society at large (Campbell and Pfister, 2002). However, I have learnt that these elements - honesty, integrity and the urge to do right; significantly affect one’s ethical views besides building their characters. My ability to make decisions is based on my perspectives of ethics. For instance, some things might appear to be good but in reality they are not. Based on this, I am an individual who will examine facts about a particular situation or event, analyzing the characters of individuals involved in relation to their actions at the same time looking at what the impact of my decision will be to the criminal justice system and society. Based on the test, I have realized that people have their own ethical perspectives, beliefs and behaviors that they strictly adhere to. As an individual, I respect their views and behaviors with a condition that they do